References

PALACE OF JUSTICE

Pristina

The new Palace of Justice in Prishtina, Kosovo should be heaten and cooled with geothermal energy. Therefore it is planned to install fields of borehole heat exchangers (BHE) nearby the buildings. The Palace of Justice consists of five individual objects, each to be supplied with own heat pump and ground heat source, respectively BHE-field.
The present report details the building heating and cooling concept, the design and simulation of the required BHE-fields to ensure long-term efficient operation of the heat pumps.
For the thermal simulations the results of geothermal response test at the site are implemented.

Heating and cooling requirements, building-wise
Main parameters for the design of the borehole heat exchanger fields are the heating and cooling requirements of the buildings, primary the maxmium required heating- /cooling load and the annual heating and cooling energy demand. The information
concerning the maxmium required heating- / cooling load according to heatingtechnical calculations was provided building-wise by GLAVBOLGARSTROY AD (eEED-
calculations, New Palace of Justice, Prishtina, Kosovo. The estimation of yearly heating and cooling demand is based
on values for full load hours of 1.800 h/a for heating and cooling.

Relevant parameters, technical regulations, used software
For the design of the borehole heat exchanger (BHE) field no national regulations were provided. The design is therfore based on German technical specification VDI 4640 (Thermal use of the undergraound”), part one (“Fudamentals, approvals, environmental
aspects”) and part two (“Ground source heat pumps systems”). According to this technical code the temperature in the heat carrier fluid (brine) should not exceed the limiting range of ±11 K during base load operation (weekly average) compared
to the undisturbed ground temperature; at peak loads, the temperature change should not exceed ±17 K.
The design of a borehole heat exchanger field respectively the development of the brine temperature over time is calculatet by a thermal simulation using EED-software (earth energy designer). The number of borehole heat exchanger (BHE), their position,
geometric layout and depth can be varied so that the objectives regarding the temperature development are fullfilled, respectively the required minimum- and maximum temperatures are not exceed. Due to the limited space at the site and limited
numbers of BHE in EED the calculations were conducted for a maximum of 120 BHE in rectangle configuration. For a borehole spacing of 8 m, this BHE-field covers an area of about 6400 m². Further the interference of the thermal influence of the individueal BHE`s on each other are considered by EED.

Summary
The new Palace of Justice in Prishtina, Kosovo should be heaten and cooled with geothermal energy. Therefore it is planned to install fields of borehole heat exchangers (BHE) nearby the buildings. The depth and layout of these BHE-fields were designed
by thermal simulation of the brine temperatures under consideration of the relevant parameters.
All designs are based primarily on the technical specifications given in the German VDI 4640, parts 1 and 2. Here temperature limits are specifid for brine temperatures to warrant sustainable operation of the ground heat source.For the design the results
of a geothermal response test (TRT) conducted from 25.08. to 27.08.2011 at the site were implemented.
In total the energy demand requires a total BHE-length of 99.600 m distributed over 600 boreholes. The expected mean brine temperatures for heating are comperatively high, an efficient operation of heat pumps in winter with little energy consumption can be expected. According to this calculation there is no need to operate with a waterglycol-mix as heat carrier fluid. Water would be sufficient.
For all simulations the maximum base load temperature is the limiting factor for the design of the BHE-fields. Therfore especially a reduction of the cooling loads would
result in significant smaller BHE-fields. The actual BHE-field designs are based on the actual state of project and the today
known design parameters. Should these parameters change, a redsign of the BHEfields might be necessary.

Embassy Suites

Sofia

Administrative and residential complex in Sofia,
with a gross floor area of over 27’000 sq. meters

Heating: Central heating system in Building A for all buildings / units A, B, C, D, E and F /, consisting of two hydraulically connected condensable gas boilers with total capacity of 1300 kW.

Heaters - radiators in rooms and bedrooms, fan coils in living rooms and kitchens, to bathrooms - bathroom radiators. For the administrative part - ceiling cassette.

Ventilation: Suction and forced ventilation for the administrative part, kitchens, restaurants, internet, shop, fitness centre, dry cleaning, restaurant, bar, bank office, etc. The fresh air into the living room - living room, dining room, bedroom. The air is sucked through bathrooms, toilets, kitchens and corridors and returns for energy recovery ventilation to the camera. Discharge takes place in the suspended plaster ceiling in the corridors and pressure bars over the doors of rooms, bedrooms and living rooms. Filing and suction of air for each apartment has a separate air and mixing of air between the apartments there. Fresh air is filtered and processed in climate blocks located in the attic of the building.

Air Conditioning: Air conditioning of housing benefit fan coil units operating in cooling mode. They work directly recirculation and cool living room, dining room, kitchen and bedrooms with a high degree of glazing. Water temperature is 7°/ 12°C.

Refrigeration Center: Refrigeration, air-cooled machine in the basement of Building A, working with heat recovery and combined cooling condenser and a microprocessor control system including use of waste heat to preheat water for domestic water supply.

Institute Cervantes

Sofia

Administrative building in Sofia, with a gross floor area of over 1’800 sq. meters

Heating: The heating of the building is a substation and through fan coil units, aluminum radiators and fan coil for wall and ceiling mounting. Linking fan coil units is through 2-pipe system.

Ventilation: Fresh air in all rooms and suction in the premises, toilets, corridors and storerooms in the basement. Discharge takes place in the ceiling or wall diffusers and ceiling cassettes / fan coils /. Fresh air is filtered and processed in the climate block - type Roof Top, mounted on the roof.

Air Conditioning: The air conditioning will benefit fan coil units in cooling mode. They work recirculation and cool rooms.

Water temperature is 7°/ 12°C of cooling machine, located in the basement. Independently air-conditioned for solemn hall allows autonomy in choice of heating and cooling mode. UPS and server room is cooled by separate air conditioning split-systems.

Office building КNAUF

Sofia

Kimi Raikkonen's Villa "Butterfly"

Baar

Office building with a gross floor area 2’390 sq.meters

Heating and Air Conditioning:

Will be used heat pump Water / Water - 45 kW.
Power will be supplied by geothermal wells. The heat will return to earth.
For office space and common areas are provided for perforated panels “Pagitsch” - the manufacture of Knauf. In sanitary and service areas is provided by low-temperature heating supply temperature 45°C. The heating of the workshop, technical facilities and sanitary facilities will be provided with aluminum radiators.

Ventilation:

It is envisaged that the installation of a ventilation chamber roof, which runs on 100% fresh air. In office spaces will be built central supply and suction of air, it will be filed pre-treated air and will suck exhaust air from kitchens, technical and sanitary facilities.
For meeting room is provided for independent ventilation system.
There is a heat recovery for all ventilation systems.

Hot water /domestic water/:

For providing hot water in winter will install a combined buffer in which domestic water will be heated by heat pump. It is connected in series with a combined electric boiler, 500 liters. The roof will be installed 8 pcs. selective solar collectors.

System for rainwater:

The water from roof pipes is collected in a rainwater system. It consists of 2 number of tanks x 6500 liters=13000 liters. Rainwater collected in tanks from roof gutters will be used to supply toilets in the building and watering lawns. Near the rainwater tanks will be buried absorption panels for the same purpose. Shortage of free volume of the tanks panels are designed to absorb a sufficient amount of rainwater.

Kimi Raikkonen's Villa in Baar with a gross floor area 1’442 sq. meters

Heating:

The house is supplied with hot water from heat pump

Water / Water - 85 kW.
Power will be supplied by geothermal wells.

The house is heated with under floor heating and built-in floor fan coil units. In all areas is provided by low-temperature heating. In the roof is installed vacuum-tube solar collectors.

Ventilation:

There is central supply and suction of air, it will be filed pre-treated air and will suck exhaust air from kitchens and sanitary facilities. There is a heat recovery for all ventilation systems.

Developed a simulation of air flows in building.

Air Conditioning:

The indoor swimming pool was built a special air-conditioning.